CHAPTER I TREATS OF
THE PLACE WHERE
OLIVER TWIST 3
WAS BORN 2
AND OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDING
HIS 3
BIRTH Among
other public buildings 4
in
a certain town 5
, which for many reasons it will be prudent to refrain from mentioning , and to which
I 6
will assign no fictitious name , there is one anciently common to
most towns 7
, great or small : to wit ,
a workhouse 2
; and in
this workhouse 2
was born ; on a day and date which
I 6
need not trouble
myself 6
to repeat , inasmuch as it can be of no possible consequence to the reader , in this stage of the business at all events ; the item of mortality whose name is prefixed to the head of this chapter .
For a long time after
it 3
was ushered into
this world of sorrow and trouble 8
, by
the parish 10
surgeon 9
, it remained a matter of considerable doubt whether
the child 3
would survive to bear any name at all ; in which case it is somewhat more than probable that these memoirs would never have appeared ; or , if they had , that being comprised within a couple of pages , they would have possessed the inestimable merit of being the most concise and faithful specimen of biography , extant in the literature of any age or
country 11
.
Although
I 6
am not disposed to maintain that the being born in
a workhouse 2
, is in itself the most fortunate and enviable circumstance that can possibly befall
a human being 12
,
I 6
do mean to say that in this particular instance , it was the best thing for
Oliver Twist 3
that could by possibility have occurred .
The fact is , that there was considerable difficulty in inducing
Oliver 3
to take upon
himself 3
the office of respiration , -- a troublesome practice , but one which custom has rendered necessary to
our 13
easy existence ; and for some time
he 3
lay gasping on a little flock mattress , rather unequally poised between
this world 8
and the next : the balance being decidedly in favour of the latter .
Now , if , during this brief period ,
Oliver 3
had been surrounded by
careful grandmothers 14
,
anxious aunts 15
,
experienced nurses 16
, and
doctors of profound wisdom 17
,
he 3
would most inevitably and indubitably have been killed in no time .
There being
nobody 18
by , however , but a
pauper old woman , who was rendered rather misty by an unwonted allowance of beer 19
; and
a parish 10
surgeon who did such matters by contract 9
;
Oliver 3
and Nature fought out the point between them .
The result was , that , after a few struggles ,
Oliver 3
breathed , sneezed , and proceeded to advertise to
the inmates of
the workhouse 2
20
the fact of a new burden having been imposed upon
the parish 10
, by setting up as loud a cry as could reasonably have been expected from
a male infant who had not been possessed of that very useful appendage 3
, a voice , for a much longer space of time than three minutes and a quarter .
As
Oliver 3
gave this first proof of the free and proper action of
his 3
lungs , the patchwork coverlet which was carelessly flung over the iron bedstead , rustled ; the pale face of
a young woman 21
was raised feebly from the pillow ; and a faint voice imperfectly articulated the words , ' Let
me 21
see
the child 3
, and die . '
The surgeon 9
had been sitting with
his 9
face turned towards the fire : giving the palms of
his 9
hands a warm and a rub alternately .
As
the young woman 21
spoke ,
he 9
rose , and advancing to the bed 's head , said , with more kindness than might have been expected of
him 9
: ' Oh ,
you 21
must not talk about dying yet . '
' Lor bless
her 21
dear heart , no ! '
interposed
the nurse 19
, hastily depositing in
her 19
pocket a green glass bottle , the contents of which
she 19
had been tasting in a corner with evident satisfaction .
' Lor bless
her 21
dear heart , when
she 21
has lived as long as
I 19
have ,
sir 9
, and had
thirteen children of
her 21
own 22
, and all on 'em dead except two , and
them 22
in the wurkus with
me 19
,
she 21
'll know better than to take on in that way , bless
her 21
dear heart !
Think what it is to be
a mother 1
, there 's a dear young lamb do . '
Apparently this consolatory perspective of
a mother 0
's prospects failed in producing its due effect .
The patient 21
shook
her 21
head , and stretched out
her 21
hand towards
the child 3
.
The surgeon 9
deposited
it 3
in
her 21
arms .
She 21
imprinted
her 21
cold white lips passionately on
its 3
forehead ; passed
her 21
hands over
her 21
face ; gazed wildly round ; shuddered ; fell back -- and died .
They 23
chafed
her 21
breast , hands , and temples ; but the blood had stopped forever .
They 23
talked of hope and comfort .
They 23
had been
strangers 54
too long .
' It 's all over ,
Mrs. Thingummy 19
! '
said
the surgeon 9
at last .
' Ah , poor dear , so it is ! '
said
the nurse 19
, picking up the cork of the green bottle , which had fallen out on the pillow , as
she 19
stooped to take up
the child 3
.
' Poor dear ! '
'
You 19
need n't mind sending up to
me 9
, if
the child 3
cries ,
nurse 19
, ' said
the surgeon 9
, putting on
his 9
gloves with great deliberation .
' It 's very likely
it 3
_ will _ be troublesome .
Give
it 3
a little gruel if
it 3
is . '
He 9
put on
his 9
hat , and , pausing by the bed-side on
his 9
way to the door , added , '
She 21
was
a good-looking girl 55
, too ; where did
she 21
come from ? '
'
She 21
was brought here last night , ' replied
the old woman 19
, ' by
the overseer 24
's order .
She 21
was found lying in
the street 25
.
She 21
had walked some distance , for
her 21
shoes were worn to pieces ; but where
she 21
came from , or where
she 21
was going to ,
nobody 26
knows . '
The surgeon 9
leaned over
the body 21
, and raised the left hand .
' The old story , '
he 9
said , shaking
his 9
head : ' no wedding-ring ,
I 9
see .
Ah !
Good-night ! '
The medical gentleman 9
walked away to dinner ; and
the nurse 19
, having once more applied
herself 19
to the green bottle , sat down on a low chair before the fire , and proceeded to dress
the infant 3
.
What an excellent example of the power of dress ,
young Oliver Twist 3
was !
Wrapped in the blanket which had hitherto formed
his 3
only covering ,
he 3
might have been
the child of
a nobleman 27
or a
beggar 28
50
; it would have been hard for
the haughtiest stranger 29
to have assigned
him 3
his 3
proper station in society .
But now that
he 3
was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in the same service ,
he 3
was badged and ticketed , and fell into
his 3
place at once --
a parish 10
child 3
--
the orphan of
a workhouse 2
56
--
the humble , half-starved drudge 52
-- to be cuffed and buffeted through
the world 8
-- despised by
all 30
, and pitied by
none 31
.
Oliver 3
cried lustily .
If
he 3
could have known that
he 3
was
an orphan , left to the tender mercies of
church-wardens 32
and
overseers 24
57
, perhaps
he 3
would have cried the louder .
CHAPTER II TREATS OF
OLIVER TWIST 3
'S GROWTH , EDUCATION , AND BOARD For the next eight or ten months ,
Oliver 3
was the victim of a systematic course of treachery and deception .
He 3
was brought up by hand .
The hungry and destitute situation of
the infant orphan 3
was duly reported by
the workhouse 2
authorities 33
to
the parish 10
authorities 34
.
The parish 10
authorities 34
inquired with dignity of
the workhouse 2
authorities 33
, whether there was
no female then domiciled in '
the house 2
' who was in a situation to impart to
Oliver Twist 3
, the consolation and nourishment of which
he 3
stood in need 51
.
The workhouse 2
authorities 33
replied with humility , that there was not .
Upon this ,
the parish 10
authorities 34
magnanimously and humanely resolved , that
Oliver 3
should be ' farmed , ' or , in other words , that
he 3
should be dispatched to
a branch-workhouse some three miles off 35
, where
twenty or thirty other juvenile offenders against the poor-laws 36
, rolled about the floor all day , without the inconvenience of too much food or too much clothing , under the parental superintendence of
an elderly female 37
, who received
the culprits 36
at and for the consideration of sevenpence-halfpenny per small head per week .
Sevenpence-halfpenny 's worth per week is a good round diet for
a child 38
; a great deal may be got for sevenpence-halfpenny , quite enough to overload
its 38
stomach , and make
it 38
uncomfortable .
The elderly female 37
was
a woman of wisdom and experience 58
;
she 37
knew what was good for
children 39
; and
she 37
had a very accurate perception of what was good for
herself 37
.
So ,
she 37
appropriated the greater part of the weekly stipend to
her 37
own use , and consigned
the rising parochial generation 36
to even a shorter allowance than was originally provided for
them 36
.
Thereby finding in the lowest depth a deeper still ; and proving
herself 37
a very great experimental philosopher 53
.
Everybody 40
knows the story of
another experimental philosopher 41
who had a great theory about a horse being able to live without eating , and who demonstrated it so well , that
he 41
had got
his 41
own horse down to a straw a day , and would unquestionably have rendered him a very spirited and rampacious animal on nothing at all , if he had not died , four-and-twenty hours before he was to have had his first comfortable bait of air .
Unfortunately for , the experimental philosophy of
the female to whose protecting care
Oliver Twist 3
was delivered over 37
, a similar result usually attended the operation of _
her 37
_ system ; for at the very moment when
the child 43
had contrived to exist upon the smallest possible portion of the weakest possible food , it did perversely happen in eight and a half cases out of ten , either that
it 43
sickened from want and cold , or fell into the fire from neglect , or got half-smothered by accident ; in any one of which cases ,
the miserable little being 43
was usually summoned into
another world 42
, and there gathered to
the fathers
it 43
had never known in this 44
.
Occasionally , when there was some more than usually interesting inquest upon
a parish 10
child who had been overlooked in turning up a bedstead , or inadvertently scalded to death when there happened to be a washing 43
-- though the latter accident was very scarce , anything approaching to a washing being of rare occurrence in
the farm 45
--
the jury 46
would take it into
their 46
heads to ask troublesome questions , or
the parishioners 34
would rebelliously affix
their 34
signatures to a remonstrance .
But these impertinences were speedily checked by the evidence of
the surgeon 9
, and the testimony of
the beadle 47
; the former of whom had always opened
the body 43
and found nothing inside ( which was very probable indeed ) , and the latter of whom invariably swore whatever
the parish 10
wanted ; which was very self-devotional .
Besides ,
the board 48
made periodical pilgrimages to
the farm 45
, and always sent
the beadle 47
the day before , to say
they 48
were going .
The children 36
were neat and clean to behold , when _
they 36
_ went ; and what more would
the people 49
have !